Do the right thing analysis essays

Do the right thing analysis essays The first scene begins with a close up shot of Senor Love Daddy's mouth, the top of a microphone, and an alarm clock. The alarm clock, being used as a prop, is making a very loud, annoying, ringing sound. This is done in order to get the viewers attention to the problem of racism. After the ringing stops, we start reframing in, and zooming out slowly, seeing more of Senor Love Daddy and the microphone. There is hard lighting present in the scene. The entire shot has a reddish color to it. A slow zoom and the reddish color are used to show the viewer how hot the setting of the movie is. The color also reflects tension, conflict, anger, and frustration, things that are not being expressed in the film yet. As we are zooming out, Senor Love Daddy says "Wake up, wake up, wake up..." This part of the scene is also is intended to get the viewers attention to the problem of racism. The foreground and some of the middle ground are in shallow focus. This is a get in your face type of shot, letting the viewer know that this movie will be in your face for the next two hours and that the viewer better pay attention to the problem at hand: racism. This shot is solely for the viewers, to get their attention. We stop zooming out once we see the whole microphone. At that point, we start tracking out and the camera starts moving slowly up, via a crane. We now see the reflection of the street outside Senor Love Daddy's workplace, on the glass window Senor Love Daddy is facing. We also see hats of many different cultures sitting Senor Love Daddy's desk. This shows that he respects many different cultures and shows he is a very open person. Also Senor Love Daddy's workplace is street level. He talks to all the characters in the movie like Mookie, Radio Raheem, and the people playing outside with the fire hydrant. This shows he is willing to communicate with the neighbo...

The Capture, Escape and Recapture of Serial Killer Ted Bundy

The Capture, Escape and Recapture of Serial Killer Ted Bundy In the first series on Ted Bundy we covered his volatile childhood years, the relationship he had with his mother, his years as an attractive and quiet teenager, the girlfriend who broke his heart, his college years, and the beginning years of Ted Bundy the serial killer. Here, we cover the demise of Ted Bundy. Ted Bundys First Arrest In August 1975 police attempted to stop Bundy for a driving violation. He aroused suspicion when he tried to get away by turning his car lights off and speeding through stop signs. When he was finally stopped his Volkswagon was searched, and police found handcuffs, an ice pick, crowbar, pantyhose with eye holes cut out along with other questionable items. They also saw that the front seat on the passenger side of his car was missing. Police arrested Ted Bundy on suspicion of burglary. Police compared the things found in Bundys car to those DaRonch described seeing in her attackers car. The handcuffs that had been placed on one of her wrists were the same make as those in Bundys possession. Once DaRonch picked Bundy out of a line-up, the police felt they had enough evidence to charge him with attempted kidnapping. The authorities also felt confident they had the person responsible for the tri-state murder spree that had gone on for more than a year. Bundy Escapes Twice Bundy went to trial for attempted kidnapping DaRonch in February 1976 and after waiving his right to a jury trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 15 years in prison. During this time police were investigating links to Bundy and the Colorado murders. According to his credit card statements he was in the area where several women vanished in early 1975. In October 1976 Bundy was charged with the murder of Caryn Campbell. Bundy was extradited from the Utah prison to Colorado for the trial. Serving as his own lawyer allowed him to appear in court without leg irons plus gave him an opportunity to move freely from the courtroom to the law library inside the courthouse. In an interview, while in the role as his own attorney, Bundy said, More than ever, I am convinced of my own innocence. In June 1977 during a pre-trial hearing, he escaped by jumping out of the law library window. He was captured a week later. On Dec. 30, 1977, Bundy escaped from prison and made his way to Tallahassee, Florida where he rented an apartment near Florida State University under the name Chris Hagen. College life was something Bundy was familiar with and one he enjoyed. He managed to buy food and pay his way at local college bars with stolen credit cards. When bored he would duck into lecture halls and listen to the speakers. It was just a matter of time before the monster inside Bundy would resurface. The Sorority House Murders On Saturday, Jan. 14, 1978, Bundy broke into Florida State Universitys Chi Omega sorority house and bludgeoned and strangled to death two women, raping one of them and brutally biting her on her buttocks and one nipple. He beat two others over the head with a log. They survived which investigators attributed to their roommate Nita Neary, who came home and interrupted Bundy before he was able to kill the other two victims. Nita Neary came home around 3 a.m. and noticed the front door to the house was ajar. As she entered, she heard hurried footsteps above going toward the stairway. She hid in a doorway and watched as a man wearing a blue cap and carrying a log left the house. Upstairs, she found her roommates. Two were dead, two others severely wounded. That same night another woman was attacked, and the police found a mask on her floor identical to one found later in Bundys car. Bundy Gets Arrested Again On February 9, 1978, Bundy killed again. This time it was 12-year-old Kimberly Leach, who he kidnapped and then mutilated. Within a week of the disappearance of Kimberly, Bundy was arrested in Pensacola for driving a stolen vehicle. Investigators had eyewitnesses who identified Bundy at the dorm and Kimberlys school. They also had physical evidence that linked him to the three murders, including a mold of the bite marks found on in the flesh of the sorority house victim. Bundy, still thinking he could beat a guilty verdict, turned down a plea bargain whereby he would plead guilty to killing the two sorority women and Kimberly LaFouche in exchange for three 25-year sentences. The End of Ted Bundy Bundy went on trial in Florida on June 25, 1979, for the murders of the sorority women. The trial was televised, and Bundy played up to the media when on occasion he acted as his attorney. Bundy was found guilty on both murder charges and given two death sentences by means of the electric chair. On January 7, 1980, Bundy went on trial for killing Kimberly Leach. This time he allowed his attorneys to represent him. They decided on an insanity plea, the only defense possible with the amount of evidence the state had against him. Bundys behavior was much different during this trial than the previous one. He displayed fits of anger, slouched in his chair, and his collegiate look was sometimes replaced with a haunting glare. Bundy was found guilty and received a third death sentence. During the sentencing phase, Bundy surprised everyone by calling Carol Boone as a character witness and marrying her while she was on the witness stand. Boone was convinced of Bundys innocence. She later gave birth to Bundys child, a little girl who he adored. In time Boone divorced Bundy after realizing he was guilty of the horrific crimes he had been charged with. After endless appeals, Bundys last stay of execution was on Jan. 17, 1989. Before being put to death, Bundy gave the details of more than fifty women he had murdered to Washington State Attorney Generals chief investigator, Dr. Bob Keppel. He also confessed to keeping the heads of some of his victims at his home plus to engaging in necrophilia with some of his victims. In his final interview, he blamed his exposure to pornography at an impressionable age as being the stimulant behind his murderous obsessions. Many of those directly involved with Bundy believed he murdered at least 100 women. The electrocution of Ted Bundy went as scheduled amid a carnival-like atmosphere outside the prison. It was reported that he spend the night crying and praying and that he when he was led to the death chamber, his face was sullen and gray. Any hint of the old charismatic Bundy was gone. As he was moved into the death chamber, his eyes searched across the 42 witnesses. Once strapped into the electric chair he began mumbling. When asked by Supt. Tom Barton if he had any last words, Bundys voice broke as he said,  Jim and Fred, Id like you to give my love to my family and friends. Jim Coleman, who was one of his lawyers, nodded, as did Fred Lawrence, the Methodist minister who prayed with Bundy throughout the night. Bundys head bowed as he was prepared for electrocution. Once prepared, two thousand volts of electricity surged through his body. His hands and body tightened up and smoke could be seen coming from his right leg. Then the machine turned off and Bundy was checked over by a doctor one last time. On January 24, 1989, Theodore Bundy, one of the most notorious killers of all time, died at 7:16 a.m. as crowds outside cheered,  Burn, Bundy, burn! Sources: Stranger Beside Me by Ann RuleTed Bundy (Conversations With a Killer The Death Row Interviews) by Stephen G. Michaud and Hugh AynesworthAE Biography - Ted Bundy

Select an item of clothing, or an accessory, and contextualise it Essay

Select an item of clothing, or an accessory, and contextualise it historically, culturally and critically - Essay Example dition to the Monroe’s white dress, Travilla designed other Hollywood costumes that attracted attention from a plausible population of lovers of fashion. Was the Monroe’s white dress the most celebrated design throughout Travilla’s professional life as a designer of Hollywood costumes? The main body of the research outlines the biography of William Travilla. An insight of the iconic Monroe’s white dress as one of Travilla’s designs will form the next part of the text. An outline of other designs by Travilla will precede an in-depth analysis of whether Monroe’s white dress tops for attracting the most attention among the other designs. The final analysis outlines the extent to which the design attracted high sales after its auctioning, nearly fifty years after the death of Monroe. Born in March 20 1920, Travilla was brought up in Catalina Island, CA. He served in his career as a costume designer in most part of his lifetime and designed costumes in a number of Hollywood films. The 1953 designed costume used by Monroe in the 1955 film remains one of the best designs he produced during the time he served in his profession. This was the snow-white costume with a cocktail shape, which offered him appreciated fame. Travilla started costume designing in 1941 (FDM 2012, p.1). He served as a designer with the Warner Brothers for three years from 1946 to 1949. He later joined the Twentieth Century. Fox thereafter until 1956. He earned popularity for what was known as the â€Å"California† fashion while designing foe film as well as the small screen. He, however, turned to major on television in the 1970s. Among the most viewed among his works was the 1983 TV mini-series, The Thorn Birds. He featured in several nominations Emmy awards for his plausible work. Tra villa died in 1990, leaving his career to Bill Saris. The most memorable scenes of the Hollywood actress Marilyn Monroes was in the 1955 film directed by Billy Wilder. Monroe’s Hollywood constume

Rhetoric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Rhetoric - Essay Example Persuasion, which is a key aspect of rhetoric, implores the use of specific types of words and sentence structures in order to appeal to the emotions of the audience thereby influencing them to the ideas of the artists. Writing is an art that just like any other demands professionalism and appropriate use of the artistic features. Aristotle’s explanation of rhetoric provides artists with an objective view of writing as an art thereby underscoring the need for an author to have both and an objective and a purpose for writing. This way, the author identifies a target audience and develops a piece that achieves authenticity. This requires effective use of appropriate words in order to persuade the audience. Aristotle explains that rhetoric helps an article persuade the audience thereby convincing them to accept the ideas presented in the article. In order to achieve this, the author must have knowledge on the concept he or she explains and present them confidently and in a sequential manner thereby providing a progressive approach to the topic. Emotional appeal occurs only if the author uses specific words that will facilitate the persuasion. The author may for example use suspense in developing a problem. This heightens the audience’s interest on the topical issue. Through suspense, the author provides the audience with a platform to develop a mental picture of the situation thereby validating the need for an urgent solution, which the article presents subsequently (Furley and Nehamas 32). This way, the author does not only obtain the attention of the audience thereby sustaining the readership of the article to conclusion but also gains the emotional appeal thereby persuading the vulnerable audience. Vivid description is yet another technique that helps achieve the emotional appeal by aiding the audience ability to develop mental images of the problem. Cognitive theory posits that the audience ability to recognize

Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilisation Essay Example for Free

Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilisation Essay In this essay, we shall attempt to examine the earliest examples of human civilisation, using examples from early Mesopotamian civilisations up to c2600BC. The earliest examples of civilisation are generally acknowledged to be found in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, Chinas Yellow River valley, and quite separately Peru. While some cultural trade and exchange can be expected from the initial 4 candidates, the Peruvian example implies that civilisation can and will occur separately and without influence; not an export, but simply a natural development. All of the earliest civilisations share certain characteristics. Claude Kluckhohn defined civilisation as any societal group which shared 2 of the following 3 characteristics: towns of greater than 5,000 people, a written language, and monumental ceremonial structures. While this works well as a rule of thumb, it fails to address certain important points; namely, how an area can accommodate high population densities, how written language is able to develop, and why monumental structures were built at all. Firstly, we shall tackle population density. For an early civilisation to achieve a population density in excess of 5,000 people to a single city or town, the first problem it must deal with is the most basic: that of food. Hunter-gatherer societies obviously cannot support this level of habitation mankind must be regarded in this matter as a top predator, and typical predator-prey ratios would imply that a hunting group of humans in excess of 5000 people would need a territory of around 75,000 kmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. The only possible answer to the question of how to concentrate this many people into a grouping is through the use of agriculture, and the development of farming techniques which allow large quantities of food to be produced using a relatively small area of land. Through the manipulation of the local environment to create food as needed, early civilisation was able to lower its dependency on natural conditions and begin the slow march of progress. However, there are other factors which must also be observed in the concentration of so many people into such a small area. The maintenance of social order is, by its very nature, an exponential equation; for every new member added to the group, he must form a social relationship with every existing member. Hence, high levels of social hierarchy and stratification become necessary very quickly its much more difficult to run a grouping of 100 people than it is to run one of 50, unless you have the correct social tools available to maintain control. Thankfully, increasing agricultural production allows for specialisation or at very least, taxation, which by its nature is a facilitator for specialisation. The surplus food supply means that actor X no longer needs to farm for himself, allowing for him to become a soldier, a lawyer, a priest, or even a god-king. The emergence of social specialisation almost certainly precedes concepts of state and law Hammurabi, author of the Code of Laws, was not the first priest-king to rule in Mesopotamia. In early Egypt, at very least, lestate cest moi certainly applies; it is very likely so in the other cradles of civilisation, with justice being doled out by personal decision of the king or his adjutants, on a case-by-case basis. The Code of Laws of Hammurabi leads us neatly to another of the foundations of early civilisation, that of writing. Possibly developed as a simple form of keeping tax records in Sumer, writing grants the author an external record of thoughts, one that can be read across time. It separates the writer from the concerns of time his words are no longer merely a short-term monodimensional event, but can be held and transcribed indefinitely, and literacy allows for information to be distributed far more effectively. While no mans voice can reach 5.5 million people directly, the Daily Mail is read by that many people every day though it is beyond the scope of this essay as to whether that paper can be regarded as information. Perhaps the most important aspect of writing, however, is that it creates an external bank of knowledge; a repository which may be added to continuously and with much more longevity than the lifetime of a single man. Hence, the sum total of human knowledge can be expanded indefinitely, rather than relying on the frailties of human memory. The eventual result of these major innovations is the rise of the city. Cities are the very essence of civilisation; the engines of progress which drive the advancement of technology and philosophy. Fed by the agricultural surplus, controlled by the new governments, and protected by the newly specialised military elites, the city allowed people to learn new trades and develop new concepts. Pottery can emerge in newer, more impressive forms; masonry can be developed and refined, and ideas such as mathematics, geometry, natural philosophy and any other conceptual discipline can be followed. It is no surprise, then, given the primary importance of the food supply, that the first civilisations emerge without fail on flood plains. Until irrigation and other farming technology is developed, the dark alluvial soil of the Mesopotamian flood plains, or the Nile river valley, is the only medium which can be exploited for the kind of mass-production of food needed for human population to reach the critical mass required for civilisation. Water is, of course, one of the main requirements of life; it would appear that it is also the catalyst for civilisation, not merely in the direct provision of drinking water, but also in the action of laying down fresh soil each year. Mesopotamia is often regarded as the initial starting point of civilisation as a whole, considered to pre-date the other centres, with the early Ubaid period beginning in c6000BC. This was still pre-history, with writing not appearing for another 2500 years or so; however, excavations at Ubaid by C.L. Woolley in the 1920s uncovered evidence of irrigation channels, canal systems, and temples connected to the period, as well as clay and terracotta ware, and, importantly, stone tools. Stone is not native to Iraq, implying a trade network; its also worthy of note that the wheel is considered to have been invented by the people of Ubaid. The Ubaid civilisations northern sites suffered some form of catastrophe in the mid-4th century BC, at around the time of the rise of what is known as the Uruk period; whether this was an outside invasion replacing the people of Ubaid, or a natural progression of the society itself is open to debate. The Uruk period (c4000BC-c3100BC) is notable for the beginnings of monumental architecture the first proto-ziggurats as well as the rise of the first large-scale cities, reaching up to 50,000 inhabitants. It is also, contentiously, where writing first appears to develop, in around 3500BC; though the primitive pictographic tablets of the period are effectively just pictures and incapable of describing concepts beyond the purely visual. There is also a great deal of evidence to imply a definite government structure, and therefore also social stratification, and also mass-production of pottery. It is the period immediately following Uruk, known as Jemdet Nasr or the proto-literate period, where writing really begins to take hold, and that history can definitely be said to have begun. Cuneiform symbols developed, possibly for the purpose of tax records, and while some pictographic elements remained within the written language, their numbers began to drop significantly and their meanings move from strictly descriptive to multi-purpose. The development of the pictographs into cuneiforms may have been spurred by the adoption of the wedge-shaped cuneus as the standard writing implement, which made the pictograph itself more difficult to achieve; however, the concept of syllabic writing was still undeveloped, and given the Sumerian tendency to monosyllabic speech forms it would take a while to appear. Jemdet Nasr is also known as Uruk III, and it shares a majority of the typical cultural markers of the previous period, in more highly-developed forms. Most notable of the periods legacies is the sexagesimal number system, still used in time measurement today. Following the proto-literate phase, history can begin properly, and the Sumerian civilisation truly begins. However, the term civilisation implies a unity which was certainly not present in ancient Mesopotamia at the time; the Sumerians were divided amongst themselves into a series of small, competing city-states, in a manner akin to the classical Greeks. This competition took the form of both war and trade, with the area trading its substantial food surpluses for metals and wood from neighbouring areas. In each city, a Priest-King would rule in the name of the citys God, and each city had a different patron deity. Every so often, one city or another would gain primacy in the area, leading to its king claiming the title king of Kish, possibly due to Kish being the first such state to gain hegemony. The city states themselves became increasingly fortified, and warfare between the various kings became near-constant. In spite of the healthy food surpluses, and the vast storehouses kept for grain, farmland and water were a constant prize for these wars, possibly due to food being the primary trade good. While these wars were often violent and repetitive, the king of Kish would occasionally be brought in for arbitration between feuding states; this king could also seemingly try to call on the military aid of other kings should he need it, although not always successfully. This principal of first amongst equals appears to have been shaky at best, with the other states never far enough behind the leader to be safely considered vassals. In conclusion, the origin of civilisation is firmly connected to the supply of food. It is the surpluses which allow it to arise, it is the fertility of the flood plains which marks the site of early civilisation, and it is even the food wealth of Mesopotamia which created the technological hotbed of organised warfare. The intensive competition for limited agricultural land, with little other natural resources, naturally encouraged startling innovations, such as writing and the wheel, just as in Greece they led to the growth of philosophy and mathematics, and in Europe to the rise of the jet fighter and the ballistic missile.

paper :: essays research papers

Paper has a long history, beginning with the ancient Egyptians and continuing to the present day. For thousands of years, hand-made methods dominated and then, during the 19th century, paper production became industrialised. Originally intended purely for writing and printing purposes, a wide variety of paper grades and uses are now available to the consumer Of all the writing and drawing materials that people have employed down the ages, paper is the most widely used around the world. Its name derives from papyrus the material used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Papyrus, however, is only one of the predecessors of paper that together are known by the generic term ‘tapa’ and are mostly made from the inner bark of paper mulberry, fig and daphne. Tapa has been found extensively in nearly all cultures along the Equatorial belt and is made by what is possibly the oldest papermaking technique – one still practised in some parts of the Himalayas and South East Asia. Indeed, recent archaeological excavations in China have revealed some of the oldest ‘tapa’ paper ever found which shows that paper was being produced in China before western records began. The tapa technique involves cooked bast, which is flattened with a wooden hammer to form a thin, fibrous layer and then dissolved in a vat with water to make a pulp. A screen consisting of a wooden frame with a fabric base is then laid in a puddle or big basin and floats with the fabric just under the surface of the water. The papermaker then pours the quantity of pulp needed to make one sheet into this ‘floating mould’ and spreads it evenly, by hand, across the surface. The screen is then carefully lifted out of the water, allowed to drain off and a sheet of paper forms on the wire. Once the water has dripped off, the screen is placed in the sun or near a fire to dry. When dry, the sheet easily peels off and, apart from possible smoothing, requires no further treatment. This technique has two basic drawbacks. Firstly, a separate screen is needed for each new sheet, and is only available for use again after the last sheet has dried. And secondly, an increase in productio n can soon lead to a shortage of raw material, since fresh bast is not always available everywhere in the required quantity. The fibres normally used for textiles, like flax and hemp, also served as substitutes for bast.

A Response to “How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading” Essay

Summary: John Holt is a former teacher who shares personal anecdotes in his essay â€Å"How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading.† Holt remembers taking a traditional approach to teaching as a beginning elementary school teacher. He initially thought that quizzing students over assigned readings and requiring them to use a dictionary to look up unfamiliar words was a best practice. However, a conversation with his sister challenges him to think critically about the effectiveness of his style, and he realizes his â€Å"methods were foolish† (359). An avid reader, Holt recalls he never looked up words in a dictionary as a child, but the lack of a dictionary did not make him any less intelligent or appreciative of language. He, like many other literate people he met, developed his vocabulary by encountering the same words â€Å"over and over again, in different contexts† (359). Holt’s understanding of what it takes to nurture a love of reading in children from an early age evolves throughout the essay. He argues that reading would be a more enjoyable experience for children if parents and teachers allowed children to read stories that interest them and not expect them to understand every word or interpret every meaning behind it. Critique: I discovered several strengths and weaknesses in Holt’s argument. I agree with him that it is unrealistic to expect children to look up words in a dictionary to appreciate words. Holt is not against using a dictionary as long as the reader uses it practically to look up words that interest him or her. To look them up in order to fulfill an assignment, however, will not promise vocabulary development. It is possible that forcing words upon a beginning reader will do more harm than good. For most children, learning how to read is similar to learning a new language, and this skill set improves with practice and patience. I also agree when he says we must s careful not to embarrass students if they make mistakes; this method usually causes the student to give up altogether. However, Holt’s argument at times seems biased and over generalized. For example, he asserts â€Å"that for most children school was a place of danger, and their main business in school was staying out of danger as much as possible† (360). His implication that children hate reading because they fear making mistakes is valid, but I disagree that most of them view their teachers as literary predators. Children’s attitudes about reading and education in general are affected by a number of factors such as learning styles, personality, the acquired habits, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. To place the blame on â€Å"us† teachers in his inclusive comments about how we humiliate and shame children through our teaching methods is unfair because I can think of several examples where this is not always true or was not necessarily true during the time he wrote the essay. His suggestions about how teachers should assess and evaluate student writing contradicts many of the modern teaching guides I have read, which posit that holistic grading includes teacher and student feedback. Application: Holt’s essay allowed me to think critically about my own teaching methods and reflect on what has worked successfully in the classroom and what has not. Many college students take English because it is a requirement and their attitudes toward writing are much like the freshma n that Holt describes in the conclusion of the article. They are very anxious about their writing even if they are strong writers, and they seldom write for pleasure rather than for necessity. Holt discourages teachers from using reading as a tool for public humiliation and promotes student-centered learning, which I advocate. While I realize there are students who depend on being told exactly what to do for each assignment they are given, I have observed that most students thrive when they have control over what they learn and discover new ideas independently and collectively. This is type of learning is supported by positive reinforcement. Rather than settling on any one way to motivate students, I realize that effective learning comes from an array of different approaches, and sometimes old-school teaching methods still are useful. Works Cited Holt, John. â€Å"How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading.† The Norton Reader. Eds. Peterson, Linda et. al. 13th edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. pg. 358 – 366.

Did the Indian Mutiny of 1857 Create the British Raj?

Did the Indian Mutiny of 1857 create the British Raj? The Indian Rebellion of 1857, which was also called the Indian Mutiny, or the War of Independence was a turning point in the history of Britain in India. However, whether this lead to the formation of the British Raj, will be explicitly explored in this essay. The East India Company traded in cotton, silk, tea and opium. They won over Bengal after gaining victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757, under Robert Clive.The East India Company functioned as the military authority in growing sections of India, as well. By 1770, heavy taxation and other policies had left millions of Bengalis deprived. While British soldiers and traders made their fortunes, the Indians starved. Between 1770 and 1773, about 1/3 of the population died from famine. At this time, Indians also were barred from high office in their own land, which meant people like Robert Clive had more opportunities and privileges. The British considered them inherently corrupt and untrustworthy.The Company began to vigorously expand its area of control in India, making it easier for young aristocrats from Britain to exploit its potential. The British felt there were two positive economic benefits provided by the India. It was a captive market for British goods and services, and served defence needs by maintaining a large standing army at no cost to the British taxpayer. Amongst these benefits were the large scale capital investments in railways, canals and irrigation works, shipping and mining; the commercialisation of agriculture and the establishment of an education system in English.This emphasised law and order creating suitable conditions for the growth of industry and enterprise; and the integration of India into the world economy. Conversely, the British Raj are criticised for leaving Indians poorer and more prone to devastating famines; exhorting high taxation in cash from penniless people. Also, draining Indian revenues to pay for an army beyond India's own defence needs and servicing a huge debt. This was the result of the economic power left in British hands. In 1784, the Board of Control was established, this gave British Parliament he right to oversee all aspects of the East India Company. The Governor General managed the Board of Control, he was was appointed by the British Government, this meant that the British had control over the east India Company, giving them the power to impose restrictions on certain prospects. There was a great deal of racial distrust between the British and Indians living in India at the time of the British Raj. Moreover, many Indians despised the English, they felt that they were only concerned about their own Industrial Growth this made them uneasy with the new ‘Alien Rule'.Many were unhappy with the rapid cultural changes imposed by the British. They worried that Hindu and Muslim would be ‘Christianized', mainly by the missionaries. There is some truth to these statement, but there were a number of other underlying causes for the rebellion. The Indian soldiers were believed to be under a ‘double rule', both a military and religious rule, which meant the two often came into conflict, causing them vast problems. One of these problem was the cause of The Great Rebellion.The main reason the Indian Sepoys mutinied against their British commanders was because they had heard that the newly issued rifle cartridges were greased with pig and cow fat, making them unacceptable for both Hindu and Muslim soldiers. This led to a monumental outbreak, as the Muslims and Hindus rebelled ceaselessly. What started as a small conflicting group of Indian soldiers from a single regiment, soon expanded to a vast number of Indian Sepoys fighting for their integrity and freedom.Following the Indian Mutiny, the East India Company was abolished by Act of Parliament and the British crown assumed full rule of India. The British used violence and negotiation to put an end to the Uprising, resorting to merciless tactics to restore order. This created resentment, opportunity for revenge and long-term problems. They used fear to breed control, which was very disorderly. The British dispatched more troops to India and eventually succeeded in putting down the mutiny. Many sepoys who had surrendered were executed by British troops.To ensure that British rule could never be threatened in such a way again the Indian Army was reorganised so that it needed its British components to function effectively. Alternatively, the British should have dealt with this issue in a more political and diplomatic way, instead of as an act of vengeance. The conflicts of 1857 and 1858 were brutal and bloody, The bitter legacy of murder and mutilation of atrocities committed by both sides circulated in newspapers and illustrated magazines in Britain, poisoning relationships for decades.The Government of India act 1935 gave Indian provinces more independence. For the first time direct elections were introduced and the right to vote was increased from seven million to thirty-five million. The British government never actually intended to take control of India, but when British interests were threatened the government had to step in. The embodiment of the new British rule in India was the office of the Viceroy. British rule from the time after the mutiny is often called the Raj.During this period small amount of British officials and troops (about 20,000) ruled over 300 million Indians. This was often seen as evidence that most Indians accepted and even approved of British rule. Undoubtedly, Britain could not have controlled India without the co-operation of Indian princes and local leaders, as well as huge numbers of Indian troops and many others. Moreover, British rule of India was maintained by the fact that Indian society was so divided that it could not unite against the British.In fact, the British encouraged these divisions. The British embarked on a furious policy of â€Å"Divide and Rule†, fomenting religious hatred as never before. The better-off classes were educated in English schools. They served in the British army or in the civil service. They effectively joined the British to rule their poorer fellow Indians. For much of the 1800s the average Indian peasant had no more say in the way they were ruled than did the average worker in the United Kingdom.The British view tended to portray British rule as a charitable exercise – they suffered India's environment (climate, diseases) and in return they bought India a good government and economic development (railways, irrigation, medicine). On the other hand, Ruling India brought huge benefits to Britain. India's huge population made it an attractive market for British industry. In the 1880s, about 20% of Britain's total exports went to India. By 1910 these exports were worth ? 137 million.India also exported huge quantities of goods to Britain, especially tea, which was drunk or exported on from Britain to other countries. Then there were the human resources. The Indian army was probably Britain's single greatest resource. Around 40% of India's wealth was spent on the army. This army was used by Britain all over the world, including the First and Second World Wars. It was the backbone of the power of the British empire. In 1901, the British viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, said ‘As long as we rule India, we are the greatest power in the world.If we lose it we shall straight-away drop to a third rate power'. Overall, I have a mixed opinion on whether that Indian Mutiny of 1857 did actually create the British Raj. They used the same tactics the East India Company used, divide and conquer. They broke India up into small kingdoms and put a native Raj in power over that Kingdom. In this way no Raj had enough power to challenge British Rule. Therefore, I have come to the conclusion that the Indian Mutiny did in fact contribute towards strengthening t he British Raj, yet did not ultimately create it.

Smoking Is a Legal Crime Professor Ramos Blog

Smoking Is a Legal Crime Nathan, a Native American and member of the Oglala Sioux tribe, never smoked cigarettes. For 11 years, he worked at a casino that allowed smoking. Secondhand smoke contains dangerous chemicals. The exposure to secondhand smoke caused him to develop allergies and serious infections that triggered asthma attacks, eventually causing permanent lung damage called bronchitis. â€Å"The casino was filled with smoke from so many people smoking,† he said. Breathing in other people’s smoke on a daily basis made his health so bad that he had to leave that job. Nathan used to be active and athletic. He served in the Marines. He loved to participate in tribal dances. After getting sick, dancing just a few steps wore him out. Nathan hoped that sharing his story would help others understand how dangerous exposure to secondhand smoke really is. Nathan’s lung damage led to his death on October 17, 2013. He was 54. How do you feel when you pass by a person whose smoking and you get caught in the smoke? I’m assuming it’s not pleasant. Cigarette, a long cylindrical roll of tobacco has been smoked by men for centuries. However, due to the fact that it has been the cause of several debilitating diseases, there have long been calls for it to be banned. In recent times, the calls for a total ban on cigarette smoking especially in public places have become more strident. Yet, there are many that feel that a ban on cigarette smoking would be out of place. What are the facts? Should cigarette manufacturing and smoking be banned outright? The Health Hazards commonly associated with Cigarette Smoking Did you know, â€Å"Scientific studies show that smoke from a neighboring apartment can travel through ventilation systems, pipes, walls, open windows and doors, and electrical sockets† (TOBACCO FREE CA). Cigarette smoking is known to cause several devastating diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease, oral cancer, high blood pressure, and birth defects among women who smoked during pregnancy. Cigarettes are also known to cause frequent fire outbreaks in homes. Governments all over the world have either proposed or are already implementing a range of measures designed to cause a downward slope in the consumption of cigarettes. Such measures include increased taxation on tobacco products, bans on advertisement, increase in the size of areas where smoking is prohibited, and the promotion of an outright ban on its production and consumption. â€Å"Smoking causes more deaths in the U.S. each year than alcohol use, firearm-related incidents, HIV, illegal drug use, motor vehicle incidents combined† (Seymour, 3). Cigarette smoking is known to kill about half of the smokers, reducing their life spans by about 14 years on the average and killing 6 million people worldwide every year. In the United States, 400,000 smokers die yearly from smoking related diseases and a further 50,000 non-smokers from passive or second hand smoking. In China, about 1.2 million people die yearly from smoking cigarette. Cigarettes contain about 7000 ingredients including nicotine which is very addictive and almost 70 of those ingredients are carcinogenic. Arguments for and against Ban on Cigarette Smoking The case for an outright ban on cigarette smoking seems to be very strong. However, there are those who argue to the contrary. Those who argue against a ban on cigarette smoking propose a range of arguments such as cigarette not being the only consumable that is lethal to human life. They say that junk food is also carcinogenic and that a ban on cigarette smoking should also mean a ban on fast-food restaurants that sell junk food. Equally, they argue that the right of smokers to choose what they consume will be compromised by a ban and that public warnings as to the dangers of smoking should suffice. Some argue that guns, alcohol and exhaust from car engines and industrial pollutants are equally as damaging to human health as cigarettes and should also be banned in the event of a ban on cigarette smoking. Yet others insist that tobacco industry creates jobs and revenue for governments. Some go as far as insisting that cigarette smoking has not been proven beyond any reasonable doubt to be the cause of lung cancer. The tobacco industry generates about 35 billion US dollars in the United States and tobacco industry chieftains are known to wield considerable influence on government thereby blocking many of the moves targeted at either reducing the scale of production and consumption of cigarettes or placing an outright ban. Each smoking ban leads to a decrease in the number of cigarettes. With every banning law more and more smokers make a decision to quit altogether. In accordance with the information provided by the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center representatives, the number the brain receptors that are longing for nicotine increase from the inhalation of tobacco. Once the number of receptors begins to decrease the need to have â€Å"just one more cigarette† decreases too, which, in turn, results in no smoking. All the bans also give smokers one more reason to quit smoking for it is really inconvenient to spend hours searching for a place where smoking is allowed. Conclusion Cigarette smoking should be prohibited since it is the primary cause of preventable diseases as well as premature deaths all over the world. The cigarette smokers suffer the impacts of such acts do to their choice. However the cost incurred by the public as well as the non-smokers who suffer due to secondhand smoke should not be the case as these activities can be avoided. No matter how strong the arguments of those that oppose outright ban on cigarette smoking, the hard facts are that cigarette smoking kills an unacceptable number of people yearly and the argument that it is within the rights of smokers to choose to smoke is rather mute considering the fact that cigarette smoking kills thousands of non-smokers as well from second-hand smoking. Therefore, an outright ban on cigarette smoking seems to be logical.

5 Rules About Conjunctive Adverbs

5 Rules About Conjunctive Adverbs 5 Rules About Conjunctive Adverbs 5 Rules About Conjunctive Adverbs By Mark Nichol Many words and phrases are similar in function to the conjunction and, but they’re not exact replacements; they even belong in a different grammatical class adverbs. But because of this similarity, they’re called conjunctive adverbs or adverbial conjunctions. When considering using any of the special adverbs discussed below the simplest and most common among this subclass with or in place of and, keep these rules in mind: 1. â€Å"As Well As† Stands Alone The phrase â€Å"as well as† serves to distance a phrase from a preceding item or list of items: â€Å"Bioethics addresses issues of medical administration, medical economics, industrial medicine, epidemiology, legal medicine, treatment of animals, as well as environmental issues.† Because â€Å"as well as environmental issues† is a separate phrase, the preceding list requires its own conjunction before the final item: â€Å"Bioethics addresses issues of medical administration, medical economics, industrial medicine, epidemiology, legal medicine, and treatment of animals, as well as environmental issues.† 2. Clauses Share Conjunctive Adverbs The presence of a conjunction in a subordinate clause obviates the need for another one in the main clause: â€Å"In addition to managing the application server and the database, the company also tackles Web applications.† When you begin a sentence with a connector, do not introduce another later in the sentence: â€Å"In addition to managing the application server and the database, the company tackles Web applications.† 3. Conjunctions and Conjunctive Adverbs Clash Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, in a sample sentence demonstrating the definition of also, allows the combination â€Å"and also,† as shown in this construction: â€Å"I did check-in procedures when they were first arrested and also checked them for weapons and such before they went into their rooms.† However, I see no point in retaining also and recommend its deletion: â€Å"I did check-in procedures with them when they were first arrested and checked them for weapons and such before they went into their rooms.† 4. Let Etc. Carry Its Own Load A similar redundancy can occurs with etc.; fortunately, few people commit this error in their writing, but in searching for examples online, I found many company names following the â€Å"Widgets and Etc.† model. Etc., an abbreviation of the Latin et cetera (hence the pronunciation), means â€Å"and so on,† and so forth,† â€Å"and the like,† so preceding it with and is redundant. By the way, style guides recommend using one of the English forms in favor of the Latin abbreviation. If you’re going to ignore this sensible advice, at least punctuate the sentence correctly by preceding the abbreviation with a comma: â€Å"Symptoms of alcohol abuse are identical to those of heart failure due to viral infection, high blood pressure, etc.† If etc. occurs mid-sentence, punctuate after it as well: â€Å"Symptoms of alcohol abuse are identical to those of heart failure due to viral infection, high blood pressure, etc., so it is easily misdiagnosed or missed.† 5. Take Care in Placing Too Too can be situated in various places in a sentence, depending on the sentence’s intended meaning: â€Å"Too, I think mediation should be considered.† However, it should not start a sentence: â€Å"I think, too, mediation should be considered first,† in which the placement of too clearly indicates that the writer is expressing an additional thought, is the correct syntactical arrangement. â€Å"I think mediation should be considered, too,† while also correct, is ambiguous: It could mean the same thing, or it could signal agreement with another person’s opinion. â€Å"I, too, think mediation should be considered first† unequivocally communicates the latter meaning. But don’t let the injunction against the adverbial conjunction too at the head of a sentence deter you from beginning one with the pure adverb too: â€Å"Too many cooks spoil the broth.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowProbable vs. PossibleUsing "zeitgeist" Coherently

Tourism in China Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Tourism in China - Research Proposal Example This attracts them to countries overseas, which provide them with what they see in an ideal holiday destination. Besides, the surveys hence conducted, benefit the companies in knowing on what planes it needs to improve and fortify its image. Also, these surveys helped the companies to know what exactly the Chinese tourists love and expect from their hosts. What the customer likes and dislikes, what he/she needs to feel at home in the destination, etc are some of the questions that have been chosen to be included in the questionnaires. The general perspective of the research can be framed as to find out the reason why the Chinese find it compelling to spend their holidays overseas. The essential objects in this research are the tourism corporations, the Chinese customers and their purchasing power. The relationship between the tourism corporations and the Chinese tourists is of great importance in this context. They have also moved forward and have broken their traditional ties. The f acts and figures given in the paper are also authentic and have relevant sources associated with them. Various book sources and also magazine excerpts have been used to explain further the idea behind Chinese burst towards overseas holidays. Moreover, those who have been more than once to abroad for holidaying, also provide the first time consumers with a review of their chosen holiday destination. Some of the reports were also seen which showed the previous trends regarding Chinese tourism. The report also presented facts and figures regarding different classes of people in China with varied consumption capabilities. Finally, it can be seen that the trend is picking up fast and it has been seen that China's outbound tourism has been back to a double-digit growth since October this year despite the negative impact of the global financial crisis. Also, the number of tourists who have been following the trend has been increasing manifolds. This study ultimately proves that Chinese are no longer behind the herd of those traveling abroad for holidays and recreation. INTRODUCTION Consumers form the pillar for any company's profit. Any company's main motive is consumer satisfaction. Satisfaction will affect the consumer's belief about the brand (Bitta, Loudon, 2002). But how does an organization know which consumer to target, what to produce or what do the consumers like to buy for themselves How does it decide which kind of marketing strategy to follow What cultures do the customers follow Culture is composed of public meaning and practices, and associated mental processes and responses (de Mooji, 2004). And most importantly, how does a company know which consumers it needs to target The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues explained above (Perner, 1999). Organizations study the needs and requirements of their customers and then target them to increase its overall profits. The most important thing is to understand the psychology of the customer. How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer (Perner, 1999). Companies do this, and much more which makes them understan d the exact marketing strategy they need to follow to bait customers. There are many applications